Aprèn - Oscar Maldonado Díaz

The document presented has the purpose of carrying out a basic construction project of civil works for the construction of two heliports and its air link between Andorra and Barcelona following the regulations valid in Spain. In it, the solutions adopted to two different situations will be presented, as well as the aeronautical analysis for approach and takeoff climb procedures and the necessary requirements for the correct operation of a heliport, such as its infrastructure, visual aids, electrical systems, its environmental impact and its economic cost. For it, firstly the context and the environment where the heliports will be located and the chosen locations are analyzed with the aim of finding the locations that satisfy both economically and technically. Subsequently, the geometric characteristics of the design helicopter are defined, as well as the different areas and dimensions that the heliport will have depending on the helicopter that operates in it, which in this case will be the Eurocopter EC-135. Once the areas that the heliport will have are defined, carry out the design of its physical characteristics. This document presents two heliports with different locations and two different solutions for its design; At the heliport located in Andorra, a metallic steel structure is designed to support the heliport and due to the mountainous orography. It will be categorized as an elevated heliport, thus avoiding excessive movement of land. On the other hand, the Barcelona heliport presents a flatter terrain, so it was decided to build a heliport on thesurface with a mass concrete paving. Furthermore, the environment and the feasibility of the take-off and landing trajectories are studied for each one, taking into account factors such as wind and noise with the objective of describing the courses to follow and their obstacle limiting surfaces. Moreover, All the visual aids that the infrastructure must provide for the use of the heliports both during the day and at night are described, as well as the electrical requirements to avoid any failure that may cause loss of current in the principal visual aid circuits. Finally, an environmental impact of both heliports and the air link between them and an estimate of the economic cost of the materials described during the process followed in this document are made as well as the conclusions obtained from the realization of this project

Análisis y requisitos de la infraestructura para las aeronaves con capacidad eVTOL tripuladas

Treball Final de Grau

Morte Martínez, Isamar

Tutor/a - Director/a: Maldonado Díaz, Oscar

Data de publicació: 2023

Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC)

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The latest technological advances have driven the development of a new generation of more efficient and quieter aircraft that combine the necessary properties for operation in highly restricted urban environments. The arrival of electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) to the global market will not only be aligned with the objectives of governments and international organizations of decarbonizing transport, but also enable a new way of moving that will help in the decongestion of existing transport infrastructures. However, eVTOLs will not be the only component of the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) ecosystem, since for their implementation, cities will need to have the proper ground infrastructure for their operation, electric charge, and maintenance: vertiports. The number of available vertiports will limit the capacity and performance of the vertical mobility system, so its design and deployment in the cities should be meticulously planned. Although, the absence of references and real practical scenarios (because of the nonexistence of vertiports) raises challenges due to the unawareness and lack of understanding of vertical mobility needs. As a new infrastructure concept, it will have to meet a series of requirements different from those already known in other transports. This Final Degree Project focuses on the analysis and study of the necessary infrastructure to support the operations of manned eVTOL. To this end, the work contextualizes the state and evolution of the UAM, as well as an analysis of the challenges and limitations for its integration. A study of trends of the most advanced aircraft prototypes is also carried out. Next, the existing regulatory framework is examined, and the fundamental technical requirements that the infrastructure must contemplate are discussed. Vertiport projects under development are also studied. Finally, a proposal for the design of a vertiport for the air taxi service in Barcelona is presented, whose feasibility is evaluated. It is carried out according to the PTS-DSN-VPT of the EASA and based on the aircraft studied at the beginning of the work.

Estudio del departamento de fiabilidad de una aerolínea

Treball Final de Grau

Centelles Coma, Ismael

Tutor/a - Director/a: Maldonado Díaz, Oscar

Data de publicació: 2023

Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC)

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Estudi de viabilitat de l'abalisament d'un aeroport

Treball Final de Grau

Pérez Tomás, Raquel

Tutor/a - Director/a: Maldonado Díaz, Oscar

Data de publicació: 2021

Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC)

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Adecuación de un aeropuerto tras la implementación del Brexit

Treball Final de Grau

Gil Tomás, Oriol

Tutor/a - Director/a: Maldonado Díaz, Oscar

Data de publicació: 2021

Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC)

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Disseny d'algoritmes per l'assignacio tàctica d'stands aeroportuaris

Treball Final de Grau

Casanellas Sangenis, Laura

Tutor/a - Director/a: Maldonado Díaz, Oscar; Prats Menéndez, Xavier

Data de publicació: 2018

Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC)

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Helipuerto Anoia Sud Piera

Treball Final de Grau

Navarro Buendia, Raquel

Tutor/a - Director/a: Maldonado Díaz, Oscar

Data de publicació: 2018

Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC)

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Infraestructura aeroportuaria para drones

Treball Final de Grau

Villalonga Munar, Antonia

Tutor/a - Director/a: Maldonado Díaz, Oscar

Data de publicació: 2016

Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC)

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Estudio de seguridad operacional en el proyecto recrecido de la pista 07L - 25R del aeropuerto Barcelona - El Prat

Treball Final de Grau

Mora Barrabes, Alvaro

Tutor/a - Director/a: Maldonado Díaz, Oscar

Data de publicació: 2016

Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC)

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Automatización del diseño de las superficies limitadoras de obstáculos

Treball Final de Grau

Cheng, Wenhao

Tutor/a - Director/a: Maldonado Díaz, Oscar

Data de publicació: 2015

Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC)

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Estudio de crecimiento de una compañía low cost

Treball Final de Grau

Rubion Sarbosa, Raquel

Tutor/a - Director/a: Maldonado Díaz, Oscar

Data de publicació: 2015

Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC)

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Runway excursion risk assessment in Spanish short runway airports

Treball Final de Grau

Pérez Bermúdez, Laura

Tutor/a - Director/a: Maldonado Díaz, Oscar; García Monferrer, Marc

Data de publicació: 2015

Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC)

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Análisis de sistemas de balizamiento y su eficiencia energética

Treball Final de Grau

Martí Loza, Rubén

Tutor/a - Director/a: Maldonado Díaz, Oscar

Data de publicació: 2015

Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC)

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The air traffic is increasing every year because the world population is also on growth and, consequently the numbers of flights which are produced each year are also on continuous rise. Before some years, the number of flights flying over the world's airspace was not so high and due to this fact it was not necessary so many helps to finish up all the flight operations. Today, it is necessary the cooperation of the complex navigation aids with the objective to guarantee the security and the operational availability. Moreover, there is also need to improve the efficiency of the airport and reduce the operational and maintenance cost. In this project, it will be modernized the whole lightening system of the Northern runway (13L-31R) of the Eldorado airport in Bogotá. It means, it is necessary to define the lightening system of the runway for landing of CAT II as a visual help for the aircrafts to land safely and at the same time reduce the workload of tower controller. The construction work is justified in global terms because of the need to dote this airport with the necessary installations so that it could be possible to operate under low visibility conditions (with the visibility distance of the runway no lower than 350 m). Therefore, an exhaustive of the airport norms will be realized with the objective to establish the base of the project and to know which are the requirements necessary to be fulfilled. Once you have the clear idea of the project, it will be studied which is the best design to achieve all the objectives and define the technical specifications of the installations. For example, the electric components to be used and so on. Finally, a comparison will be done between the traditional lightening system and the modern lightening system (LED). In this way, we can observe the costs of each of the lightening systems in short and long term and therefore it will be possible to choose the best or optimal design.

E l tráfico aéreo está experimentando un crecimiento año tras año ya que la población mundial está creciendo y, por consiguiente, el número de vuelos que se producen cada año va en aumento. Hace unos años, la frecuencia de los vuelos no era tan elevada y, no eran necesarias tantas ayudas para llevar a cabo las operaciones aéreas. Hoy en día, es necesaria la cooperación de un conjunto complejo de ayudas con el objetivo de garantizar la seguridad y disponibilidad operacional y, al mismo tiempo, mejorar la eficiencia del aeropuerto y reducir los costes de operación y mantenimiento. En este proy ecto, se modernizar á el sistema completo de iluminación de la pista Norte (13L - 31R) del aeropuerto de Eldorado en Bogotá. Es decir , hay que definir el sistema de balizamiento de una pista de aterrizaje de CAT II como ayuda visual para poder proporcionar una guía adecuada a las aeronaves y al mismo tiempo reducir la carga de trabajo de la torre de control. Las obras a proyectar se justifican, en términos globales, por la necesidad de dotar a este aeropuerto de las instalaciones necesarias para que se pueda operar en condiciones de baja visibilidad (con una distancia de visibilidad en pista no inferior a 350 m). Por lo tanto, se realizará un análisis exhaustivo de la normativa aeroportuaria con el objetivo de establecer las bases del proyecto y saber cuáles son los requisitos necesarios que se deben cumplir. Una vez ya se tiene clara l a idea del proyecto, se estudiará cuál es el mejor diseño para conseguir estos objetivos y definir las especificaciones técnicas de la instalación, así como los componentes eléctricos utilizados. Finalmente, se realizará una comparación entre un sistema de iluminación mediante elementos luminosos tradicionales y, otro, mediante el uso de LEDs. De esta forma, se podrá observar cuáles son los costes de cada uno de ellos a corto y a largo plazo y, por lo tanto, poder elegir el diseño más óptimo

Subministrament en estat operatiu d'un ILS/DME Cat III per un aeroport

Projecte/Treball Final de Carrera

Abat Gonzalez, Sara

Tutor/a - Director/a: Maldonado Díaz, Oscar

Data de publicació: 2015

Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC)

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In air navigation the low visibility is a critical factor especially in approach operations (landing and takeoff), because in these phases is essential to have visual references to the environment and in particular to the ground. The Instrument Landing System (ILS) is an accurate radio navigation aid system that, together with the Distance Measuring Equipment (DME), provide guidance information (azimuth, zenith and distance) to aircraft, allowing landings in low visibility conditions and be used as a support in good visibility conditions. For low visibility approach operations, not only must have the airport ILS/DME system but also should satisfy various requirements. Moreover, in order to be able to proceed in such operations, a suitably equipped aircraft and appropriately qualified crew are required. The facilities that the airport must accomplish are related to the runway characteristics (such as dimensions, slope, obstacle clearances, taxi-holding position), runway markings, visual aid lights, approach lighting aid system and proper procedures. The scope of this project is limited to the radio ground equipment: the ILS/DME system. The project objective is to determine the design of ILS/DME Cat III system configuration, specifying the necessary equipment, to settle the different elements in the airport, and finally, to present how should be carry out the management of equipment installation and additional infrastructures, indicating the executive phases of the project and their duration, the Operational Safety Plan, the Occupational Health and Safety Plan and the environmental actions to be taken into account. Bilbao Airport is chosen due to the high amount of days in low visibility conditions, which make it suitable for evaluating the installation of an ILS/DME Cat III system. The management of equipment installation and other necessary facilities is complicated by the fact that the airport is totally operational and, therefore, should not be compromised security and control aircraft, and the disruptions in essential systems for the proper operability of the airport should be minimized.

Un factor crític en la navegació aèria és la baixa visibilitat, i especialment en les operacions d'aproximació, aterratge i enlairament, ja que en aquestes fases és imprescindible tenir referències visuals de l'entorn pròxim i sobretot del terreny. El Instrument Landing System (ILS) és un tipus de sistema de radioajuda a l'aproximació precís, que junt amb el sistema Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) proporcionen a les aeronaus informació de guiatge azimutal, zenital i de distància que permeten aterratges en condicions de visibilitat reduïda i serveix de recolzament en condicions de bona visibilitat. Per a que es puguin realitzar operacions d'aproximació en baixa visibilitat no només l'aeroport ha de disposar del sistema ILS/DME sinó que ha de complir una sèrie de requeriments, i tant l'aeronau com la tripulació han d'estar certificats per dur a terme aquest tipus d'operacions. Pel que fa l'aeròdrom aquest ha de complir unes exigències en quan a característiques de la pista (amplada i pendent de la pista, objectes en les pistes, posicions d'espera), marques i llums d'ajudes visuals en pista, sistema de llums d'ajuda a l'aproximació i procediments adequats. L'abast d'aquest projecte es limita al component radioelèctric de terra: el sistema ILS/DME. L'objectiu del projecte és determinar el disseny de configuració del sistema ILS/DME de Cat III, concretar els equips a subministrar, calcular la ubicació dels diversos elements dins de l'aeroport i presentar com es farà la gestió de la instal·lació del equips i infraestructures addicionals, tot indicant les fases del projecte executiu i la seva duració, realitzar el Pla de Seguretat Operacional, el Pla de Seguretat i Salut Laboral, i assenyalar les actuacions a tenir en compte en quan a Medi Ambient. S'ha escollit l'aeroport de Bilbao on degut a l'alt volum de dies el qual es troba en condicions de visibilitat reduïda el fa interessant per avaluar la instal·lació d'un sistema ILS/DME de Cat III. La gestió de la instal·lació d'equips i de la resta d'obres necessàries es complica pel fet que l'aeroport en estudi es troba completament operatiu i per tant no s'ha de veure compromesa la seguretat i control de les aeronaus en cap fase de vol, i s'ha de minimitzar les interrupcions dels sistemes necessaris per la correcta operabilitat de l'aeroport.

Estudio para la futura operatividad del A380 en el Aeropuerto de Tenerife

Treball Final de Grau

Esteban Bernal, Estefania; Esteban Bernal, Estefanía

Tutor/a - Director/a: Maldonado Díaz, Oscar

Data de publicació: 2015

Escola d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC)

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This project studies whether the Tenerife Sur Santa Sofía Airport is adequate for the operation of F Key aircrafts or not, using as a model the Airbus A380. Firstly, the market and the most influential airlines of the airport which currently or in the near future will have F key aircrafts are analyzed. In addition, an airport traffic prognosis is carried out until 2030. Subsequently, the main technical and operational characteristics of the A380 are stated. Based on these characteristics, a comparison between the current airport sizing and the required for the operation of Key F aircrafts is developed. Then, the properties of the pavement of the airport are specified and it is determined whether the existing pavement is suitable to withstand the loads which it would be submitted to by the aircraft of study, or if on the contrary it would be damaged. Furthermore, the elements of the airport infrastructure necessary for a proper operation of the A380 are analyzed and an improvement for the Tenerife Sur Airport is put forward. Lastly, given the current situation of imminent surpassing of the demand versus the capacity of the airport as well as the need of adapting it to F key, possible options of air side expansions which enable the operation of the A380 are put forward.

En el presente proyecto se estudia si el Aeropuerto de Tenerife Sur Santa Sofía está capacitado para la operatividad de aeronaves de clave F, tomando como modelo el Airbus A380. Primeramente, se analiza el mercado y las aerolíneas más influyentes del aeropuerto que tanto actualmente o en un futuro poseerán aeronaves de clave F. Además, se realiza una prognosis del tráfico del aeropuerto hasta el 2030. Seguidamente, se especifican las principales características técnicas y operacionales del A380. Partiendo de estas características, se realiza una comparativa entre el dimensionamiento actual del aeropuerto de estudio y el requerido para las aeronaves clave F según la OACI. A continuación, se especifican las propiedades de los distintos pavimentos del aeropuerto y se determina si el pavimento existente es adecuado para resistir las cargas a las que sería sometido por la aeronave de estudio, o si por el contrario se vería dañado. Además, se analizan los elementos de la infraestructura aeroportuaria necesarios para una adecuada operatividad del A380 y se propone una mejora para el Aeropuerto de Tenerife Sur. Finalmente, considerando tanto la situación actual de inminente superación de la demanda frente a la capacidad del aeropuerto como la necesidad de adaptarlo para aeronaves de clave F, se presentan posibles opciones de ampliación del lado aire para hacer posible la operatividad del A380.