APRÈN. Portal de la producció docent del professorat de la UPC

Este documento refleja la propuesta de un jardín sensorial modular enfocado a la educación infantil de segundo ciclo (de 3 a 6 años). Partiendo de un modelo estandarizado, donde todos los módulos se organizan y unifican en un solo espacio, se ejemplifica la propuesta en un caso real, a la Escola Castell del municipio de Dosrius (Cataluña). Por tanto, el modelo estándar se rediseña para adaptarse a las condiciones de este entorno. El diseño se desarrolla a partir de un marco teórico que consiste en la investigación bibliográfica sobre los jardines sensoriales, el desarrollo sensorial en la etapa infantil de segundo ciclo y los beneficios educativos y terapéuticos del jardín sensorial de infantes. Con estas bases de conocimiento, se elabora una revisión de jardines sensoriales existentes, tanto en el ámbito privado como público en Cataluña, el resto de España y algunos casos en el extranjero. Complementando la investigación, se entrevistan a tres expertas en la naturalización de los patios escolares, los jardines sensoriales y la horticultura social y terapéutica. En cuanto al diseño del modelo estandarizado, se detallan los elementos que configuran la propuesta, junto con su funcionalidad y distribución. También se precisan aspectos como la accesibilidad, los materiales empleados, los criterios de selección de especias y el sistema de riego. Para la implementación del diseño en la Escola Castell, se detallan las bases del proyecto y se explica la propuesta. Dado que este Trabajo de Fin de Grado forma parte de los estudios en ingeniería de ciencias agronómicas, se hace hincapié en la selección de especies vegetales. Asimismo, se confecciona un cronograma estimado de las fases de construcción, acompañado de una aproximación de costes y la sostenibilidad del proyecto. Finalmente, se incluye un apartado dedicado a futuras líneas de investigación, donde se detallan sugerencias derivadas de la elaboración del jardín sensorial modular infantil, con el objetivo de aportar ideas para la continuación y expansión de este trabajo.

The main objective of this final degree project is to develop software that allows a drone to identify and classify objects in real time through the use of a camera. To achieve this, advanced computer vision techniques and artificial intelligence algorithms have been used, ensuring the correct integration between the developed software and the drone control system. A specific use case is to guide the movement of the drone following a route marked by objects strategically located on the ground. The methodology used to meet the objectives set out focused on the implementation of an object detection module based on the YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithm, a convolutional neural network optimised for object detection in real time. The module was developed in Python, and its integration into the Drone Engineering Ecosystem (DEE), a drone control platform, enabled the identification of objects and subsequent decision-making by the drone. During the development process, different YOLOv8 models (v8n, v8s, v8m, v8l, v8x) were selected and evaluated, and then retrained using a proprietary dataset that included classes such as banana, ball, box and backpack. Several tests were performed, both in simulated environments and in a laboratory with a real drone, to measure the accuracy and efficiency of the system. The results were satisfactory, achieving an improvement in object detection compared to pre-trained models, with accuracy increases of up to 53% in some cases. Despite the achievements, the project had limitations, such as the impossibility of implementing object detection on the drone's Raspberry Pi due to technical problems with the library used, which restricted image processing to the ground equipment. In addition, the resolution of the drone's camera was not optimal for detecting small objects, and some false positives were observed that diverted the drone from its route at times. In conclusion, the project demonstrated the effectiveness of integrating an advanced object detection system into the DEE, opening the door to future improvements in model accuracy and drone functionality. Future lines of development are suggested to optimise the system, such as the reduction of false positives and the integration of processing on the Raspberry Pi.

In a world where technology continues to advance and transform diverse sectors, the presence of drones has become essential for optimizing and revolutionizing the industry. Their characteristics make them valuable and indispensable for industrial development. Following an initiative by the Castelldefels School of Telecommunications and Aerospace Engineering (EETAC), the creation of a drone ecosystem allows students and teachers to contribute to its development, aiming to project a positive image of this technology in society. Both educational and recreational applications seek to organize exhibitions and demonstrations to a diverse audience. The project focuses on the development of software to control the DJI Tello Robomaster drone, with the goal of enhancing and expanding its capabilities. This approach aligns with the school's mission to promote innovation and the integration of emerging technologies in the educational field. Thus, the idea of this project was born, divided into two sections: the theoretical part and the practical part. In the theoretical part, all the fundamental concepts are detailed to understand which code will be used, the technologies employed, and the objectives, among other elemental aspects. In the practical part, all the implementations made and achieved objectives are highlighted, with the perspective of facilitating future contributions of students. Mainly, the focus will be on working on three different types of images: photos, panoramics and videos, in the implementation of a new circus.

This work falls within the research line on the applicability of gamification techniques and extended reality technologies in engineering education. Specifically, this work aims to design, develop and validate software that uses the mentioned techniques and technologies. This report includes the methodology followed, the results of the validation and the proposed model. The process begins with a review of the state of the art in didactics, gamification and extended reality technologies. These three disciplines share a practical framework that, by inducing motivation and a sense of progress in the student while reducing the cognitive requirements of a learning process, seeks to optimize learning in terms of comprehension and memorization. The software has been designed as reinforcement for the initial lessons of the subject flight mechanics, entitled: main reference systems of the aircraft. The activity is designed to be independent of external tutoring within the software and is placed as an exercise in understanding between the theoretical and practical parts of the concepts. The development has been mainly carried out using the Unity 3D engine, and with digital content creation tools such as GIMP, Tinkercad, Visual Studio and Xcode. The validation has had two approaches. On the one hand, the adaptation of the users to the mechanics of the software has been validated, and on the other, the achievement of the objective concepts. This project has carried out and validated three iterations of the design and development process. In each version, the applicability of some components of the mentioned techniques and technologies has been demonstrated, redesigns have been made according to the feedback from surveyed students, and guidelines for the new iterations have been proposed. In the end, it can be concluded that the activity provides evidence of the potential of these technologies to enhance the 3D visualization of theoretical concepts and procedural learning, although further development is still needed.

The Drone Engineering Ecosystem (DEE) project is a groundbreaking initiative that aims to simplify access to the world of drones and promote their responsible use, particularly in the educational domain. Traditional methods of drone control and interaction have been complex and fragmented. The DEE project seeks to overcome these challenges by integrating various technologies, including Python, Tkinter, FastAPI, MongoDB, Flutter, and Dart, to create a cohesive and user-friendly ecosystem. The project began with a comprehensive analysis of the existing drone ecosystem, identifying its limitations and areas for improvement. This was followed by the formulation of clear objectives and a detailed work plan, visualized through a Gantt chart. The development process encompassed the creation of a robust backend, significant enhancements to the existing dashboard, and the development of a mobile application using Flutter. One of the main challenges was the integration of new technologies like Flutter and Dart, which were learned specifically for this project. Rigorous testing and user experience evaluation were integral to ensuring the system's functionality and usability. The project's success not only achieved most of the set goals but also opened new avenues for future exploration and development in the drone technology field. My passion for programming and the application of my Telecommunications Engineering bachelor's degree were key drivers in the project's success. The project represents a significant contribution to the field, providing a platform for learning and promoting the responsible use of drones. It also reflects my commitment to challenging myself and applying my academic knowledge to real-world problems.

The Flutter-based application developed in this study offers pilots a user-friendly interface, intuitive features, and real-time data integration. Through this application, pilots can easily create and modify flight routes, analyze weather patterns, assess airspace restrictions, and carry out simulations to obtain the most efficient route based on multiple parameters, as far as meteorology is concerned. Moreover, the application integrates with various databases and online resources to provide comprehensive data on airports, airspaces, and terrain, enabling pilots to make informed decisions during the flight planning phase. Additionally, this thesis aims to demonstrate that a competent software tool, capable of competing with other established flight planning tools, can be developed by a student. By utilizing the powerful Flutter framework, which provides a rich set of development tools and a vast community support, this research showcases the ability of a student to create a robust and feature-rich application for VFR flight planning. The successful development and evaluation of this application serve as a testament to the potential of aspiring developers to contribute innovative solutions to the aviation industry. Furthermore, this thesis highlights the importance of empowering students and encouraging their involvement in the digital transformation of traditional aviation processes, fostering creativity, and driving progress in the field.

This document describes the creative and organizational process of the functions and changes that have been made in the gamification environment Classpip, created by the Polytechnic University of Catalonia, specifically by the students of the EETAC altogether with the Department of Computer Architecture of this university. This application environment is based on various blocks, which will be explained later. The work carried out specifically focuses on the geocaching game. This game mode, which we will also delve into in this project, is based on the use of devices equipped with GPS systems to search for locations on a map for various purposes. In the case we will see below, the challenge upon finding these points will involve a series of questions. In this project, we have worked on the basis of the game with the aim of providing the user with a much more enjoyable and engaging experience, as the current state of the game is quite limited. In summary, we will present the new game control and player steps, as well as the player experience steps. We also work on condensing and redistributing the architecture of the game, making use of the tools that the programming environment offers us in order to achieve a more understandable and dedicated code. This will facilitate the understanding of future developers in upcoming contributions at certain moments. This development has been carried out cooperatively with Ángel Franco, as regulations do not allow joint submission of final degree projects. This note is added at the end of this summary to highlight this fact for the reading of the project report, as both will share a lot of common content.

This document describes the creative and organizational process of the functions and changes that have been made in the gamification environment Classpip, created by the Polytechnic University of Catalonia, specifically by the students of the EETAC altogether with the Department of Computer Architecture of this university. This application environment is based on various blocks, which will be explained later. The work carried out specifically focuses on the geocaching game. This game mode, which we will also delve into in this project, is based on the use of devices equipped with GPS systems to search for locations on a map for various purposes. In the case we will see below, the challenge upon finding these points will involve a series of questions. In this project, we have worked on the basis of the game with the aim of providing the user with a much more enjoyable and engaging experience, as the current state of the game is quite limited. In summary, we will present the new game control and player steps, as well as the player experience steps. We also work on condensing and redistributing the architecture of the game, making use of the tools that the programming environment offers us in order to achieve a more understandable and dedicated code. This will facilitate the understanding of future developers in upcoming contributions at certain moments. This development has been carried out cooperatively with Javier Ramírez, as regulations do not allow joint submission of final degree projects. This note is added at the end of this summary to highlight this fact for the reading of the project report, as both will share a lot of common content.

Stress and academic anxiety problems can negatively impact numerous aspects of students lives, resulting in degrading their academic achievement, quality of life, and social behaviour. Various research suggests that depression is associated with lower academic performance of students. The aim of this research is twofold. Firstly, in order to establish a correlation between students mental stress level and their academic performance, a dataset has been compiled through gathering the data by conducting a survey in a university located in Punjab, Pakistan. The questionnaires were based on measuring the stress level of students using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) , Cognitive performance assessment scale, in addition to some other demographic questions. Afterwards, this dataset has been analysed utilizing various machine learning algorithms. The second objective was to develop an innovative, affordable and smart performance predicting Learning Management System that takes into account students mental stress while predicting the students performance using machine learning models. The technique that was used for the mental stress measurements of the students was based on a phenomenon known as the Heart Rate Variability (HRV). A smart watch was utilized to measure the Heart Rate Variability of the students that was used to assess the stress level of students in academics. A Machine Learning (ML) model was trained using various parameters that were derived from the Heart Rate Variability. The original dataset that was used to train the model is known as Swell dataset. The SWELL dataset consists of HRV indices computed from the multimodal SWELL knowledge work dataset for research on stress and user modelling. The ML model effectively made prediction about the stress levels of the students with an accuracy of 98.1%.

This final degree work consists of the contribution to the maintenance and development of the Classpip project, which is an application developed at EETAC with the aim of implementing gamification in the academic environment. The contributions made have been carried out working in a group way using the SCRUM methodology for the correct organization of tasks. The Classpip project is formed by many components with different responsibilities, the most important ones are: for the frontend part of the application we have Classpip-Dashboard which is made in Angular, Classpip-Express which is another frontend component where a quick participation in games created by the teacher is sought and also Classpip-Mobile-Student which would be the interface used by the students. On the other hand, we have the components that would form the backend of the application that are developed with Nodejs and would be: Classpip-Server that would be in charge of the notifications using sockets from the Sockets.io library, Classpip-API that manages the database requests. The main purpose of this TFG is to improve the application based on individual and collective contributions, always in a SCRUM development environment. The contributions developed in this project are the following: Planning and implementation of the SCRUM methodology for correct functioning when developing as a group, migration of the versioning of the Classpip-Dashboard component to a newer version, contribution to the new API, called ApiV2 and finally implementation of Docker to implement a CI/CD workflow more in line with new technologies. This report describes the whole process of the contributions, from the organization of the team, including the different management tools, the steps taken for the development, and the technologies used to carry it out.

This work attempts to understand and help define some patterns in the concept of proximity services and uses the Besòs el Maresme barrio, located in the Sant Martin district of Barcelona, as a case study. After an analysis of the facilities needed in the neighborhood, the study focuses on education, which is a high need in the neighborhood. This brings up some questions to be answered: Is it possible to get more classes in existing schools? Is it possible to reuse existing spaces at other times and for other age ranges? Based on data and statistics, this research explores the possibilities. It is also mentioned in this article the project 15-minutes Paris that is focused on finding all the daily needs in the neighborhood and within a maximum walking distance of 15 minutes to your destination. For this function, how much time is needed in Besòs?

En aquest treball es tractarà de millorar el sistema actual que organitza i distribueix les defenses dels Treballs de Fi d'Estudis de l'ETSEIB. El treball proposa un nou sistema que ajudi a distribuir el professorat de l'escola en diferents tribunals, i també a organitzar les dates de defensa dels respectius treballs. S'exposa una primera anàlisi on s'estudia l'actual mètode de funcionament, en remarca els aspectes que cal millorar i en detecta certs desajustos. Aquest sistema actual, que parteix d'uns resultats obtinguts amb l'ajuda de l'eina informàtica existent, requereix un cert treball del Director de Treballs Acadèmics de l'ETSEIB per arreglar manualment desajustos entre el professorat. El sistema proposat en aquest treball es basa en la llei matemàtica de Saint-Laguë, que és utilitzada a varis països (entre ells Alemanya, Noruega, Dinamarca, Suècia, etc...) per transformar els vots de les eleccions a escons. El treball mostra també una comparativa dels resultats si s'utilitzés, enlloc de la llei de Saint-Laguë, la llei d'Hondt, que és la implementada a Espanya en els processos electorals. Un dels principals punts en que s'ha basat el disseny de la solució, ha sigut buscar una distribució dels professors que fos, dins del possible, el màxim de proporcional a la seva dedicació docent a l'ETSEIB. Intentant, doncs, que a un professor que dedica tota la seva jornada laboral a l'ETSEIB, se li atribueixi una càrrega de tribunals superior a un professor amb dedicació parcial a l'ETSEIB. Per obtenir uns resultats i comprovar que els objectius s'han complert satisfactòriament, s'ha dissenyat un codi de Python. Aquest codi consta de dos inputs: el llistat de professors amb la seva informació relativa i el llistat de TFE presentats el juny del 2021. Els outputs programats són el llistat de professors amb el recompte de places de tribunals i de suplències que haurien de realitzar si es dugués a terme la proposta d'aquest treball i el llistat dels TFE amb els membres de tribunals i suplències corresponents. S'exposa una segona anàlisi comparativa dels resultats aplicats amb les dades del quadrimestre de juny del 2021 del sistema basat en la llei de Saint-Laguë, del sistema basat en la llei d'Hondt, i els resultats que es van obtenir amb el programa informàtic actual. És en aquesta anàlisi comparativa que es conclou que els dos sistemes primerament proposats suposen una gran millora en termes d'equitat sobre la dedicació del professorat respecte el sistema actual, i també on es decidirà que el de Saint-Laguë és més adequat per al cas de l'ETSEIB

Education for the Sustainable Development Goals (ESDG) in universities calls teachers to become agents of change, capable of training graduates on the challenges that the Agenda 2030 arises and to qualify students with the needed SDG competencies. To foster the implementation of the SDGs in a degree's curriculum, it is necessary to diagnose its presence as a starting phase. EDINSOST2-SDG is a project financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU), the State Research Agency (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). It involves 8 Spanish universities and it is aimed at integrating SDGs into sustainability training in the Spanish university degrees. This final masters' thesis uses tools of EDINSOST2-SDG as a framework to develop a framework to measure the presence of the sustainability competencies and the SDGs learning objectives in a bachelor's degree. The framework is piloted at the undergraduate engineering degree in Industrial Design and Product Development at the School of Engineering of Vilanova i la Geltrú of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. To develop and apply the framework, four data sources have been used: the official documentation of the degree, the study plans of each subject, the answers of the survey for teachers and in-depth interviews with the teachers. Subsequently, the Engineering Sustainability Competency Map has been applied at the degree and used as a spark to start gearing a set of matrixes that end up permitting to obtain graphics that illustrate how the degree is covering the 4 sustainability competencies and the SDGs learning objectives, separately. The results can show the presence in the whole degree, per semesters, per subject and contribute to detect gaps and opportunities of change of the teaching staff.

Global warming and its possible consequences is a problem that is currently in the spotlight of governments and environmental groups. In 2015 the United Nations creates an initiative called Sustainable Development Goals, many of these goals could be improved, or even met by reducing the abusive of means of transport. There are also other ways to reduce these emissions, one of which is the use of a turbocharger which can increase the power without the need to increase fuel consumption. The main objective of this Final Degree Project is to pre-design a turbocharger of a car using SolidWorks CAD software and subsequently make a fluidic analysis using CFD software, as well as contribute, with it, to the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goal referring creating more sustainable cities (SDG 11) thanks to the improvement of efficiency. To achieve this, a study has been carried out of the most optimal dimensions of a turbocharger, based on thermodynamics and real turbochargers, to then model and analyze it by comparing the results obtained with the current situation.

Born in Japan by Toyota's company at the end of the XX century, these days Lean Manufacturing technique is applied entirely or in any variants at every kind of enterprise. The work presented below shows the application of its continuous improvement techniques in a machining area of Steel rods at a steelmaker Company. Lean Six Sigma methodology is used to carry out the development of this project, resultant of the union between Lean, focused on the minimization of scrap and optimization of production; and Six Sigma, which is focused on the reduction of variability in process and optimization of every step of it. It is developed following DMAIC steps which are Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and control; each of which focuses on a part of the project. The study has as its principal objective the reduction at half of the generated scrap due to the high number of faulty rods resultant of a drilling process, and additionally the instruction at the continuous improvement subject.

The aeronautic and aerospace sector are in constant development, in which more and more progress is being made. This sectors¿ growth can be considered exponential, as it is bound to the new technologies, which in the last decades have undergone an extraordinary expansion. The future of a sector is defined by all times by the means that it is influenced; in this case the air or the space. Therefore, it is indispensable to adapt to it and be able to resolve all the problems that can occur during the effectiveness of the aircraft. In order to avoid personnel and/or material damage, experimental and theoretical investigations are conducted with the objective of understanding the attributes and the behavior of the air, that is to say, studies are carried out about the fluid mechanics around the object. The experimental tests are conducted in wind tunnels, but it has been confirmed that they can be done likewise in a water tunnel. Even the use of this presents various additional advantages to the wind tunnel, because the results can be understood in a more visual manner, as well as having a superior range of measurements as water has major density and viscosity than air. In this project, a series of investigations about the most important facets to take into account when implementing a system of measurement and visualization in the test section of a water tunnel has been developed. For that the properties of the water and the respective treatment that must be conducted have been analyzed. The properties of the water tunnel and the facets to take into account for the implementation of an ensemble of sensors, with the objective of understanding in an experimental manner the behavior of the water in a determined test section have been analyzed as well. In addition, a structure has been designed that will allow to position the sensors in any spot of the section that wishes to be analyzed. In this way, the behavior of the fluid can be comprehended and afterwards it would allow to carry out experiments that simulate a real situation by means of an equivalence of mathematical equations. Consequently, it will be possible to study some critical situations on objects that simulate parts of an aircraft without endangering the personnel.

The project described below is based on the creation of a new functionality in the Classpip tool. This tool is an application designed for educational environments. This project will be a continuation of the improvement of this application since it was created a few years ago and each semester different students make new updates and implement new functions. In order to be able for the students to make different versions of the project in parallel and then put them together without any error, the Git tool is used. One of the keywords in this project is gamification, which is a learning technique that introduces the idea of games to the educational field in order to facilitate and improve this learning. Classpip currently consists of five projects: the first is an API developed with Loopback, a server which allows us to be informed in real time thanks to technology of socket.io, a web application called Dashboard that is developed with the programming language Angular, and two mobile applications: Mobile-Teacher and Mobile-Student, both developed with Ionic. The aim of this particular project is to introduce a new type of competition, the tournament type. This type of competition will be introduced both in the Dashboard and in the Mobile-Student projects, and it will be a new mode to choose together with the League type and Formula One type, previously created by other students in other projects. In the Dashboard section, the functions that have been introduced allow us to create and edit the type of tournament game with its own rules. The implementations in the Mobile-Student are simpler,you will be able to obtain information about the game in which the student is participating. In this report you can find a small introduction to the gamification with some examples, an explanation of the Classpip project started years ago and finally a detailed explanation of competitive games and specifically the tournament type that is the one that is developed during this project.

Industrial and engineering applications, DEM simulations are commonly used. Therefore, there are a lot of different softwares for this application and each one is specializing in different aspects. With nowadays available computational power, simulations of real live experiments can provide very useful and accurate information that in the past wasn't imagined. Granular materials form an important role on the industrial field. These materials have different properties but one of them is the angle of repose, also known as critical angle of repose. This angle is the steepest angle of descent a material can be piled without dropping and depends on different characteristics of the material. This angle has several applications, one of them is for calibrating numerical simulations. The goal of this research paper is to help future students that want to study granular materials and do simulations of them. A good aspect to stand out is that the software used in this research is open source so everyone can get access to it

L'objectiu del present treball consisteix en el desenvolupament d'un executable per a calcular i dimensionar elements de màquines. El projecte pretén fer costat al departament d'enginyeria mecànica de l'ETSEIB (Escola Tècnica Superior D'enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona) en la seva tasca didàctica així com ser d'utilitat en el sector del disseny mecànic privat. Es comença realitzant un estudi dels programes existents el més semblant possibles al que es pretén desenvolupar i després es revisa l'estat de l'art sobre el disseny d'elements (teories de càlcul, normatives i solucions existents) per a unions cargolades i unions soldades, ambdues sol·licitades tant a estàtica com a fatiga. A continuació es presenten els procediments per al dimensionament de dites unions segons els mètodes de càlcul que s'han cregut més convenients. Posteriorment, es descriu pas a pas el funcionament del programa, fent una molt breu introducció a la programació rere l'executable i després mostrant pas a pas el funcionament de la interfase gràfica i els diferents mòduls de dimensionament i càlcul de l'executable