APRÈN. Portal de la producció docent del professorat de la UPC

El primer curs d'urbanisme ens ha introduït a la lectura de la ciutat i hem començat a mirar-la amb nous criteris, el que ens ha d'ajudar a partir d'ara a intervenir en ella amb rigor. Hem cercat de comprendre què aporten carrers, places i edificis en la seva construcció. Segurament ara som capaços de llegir la ciutat de manera més completa, i d'apreciar millor els seus valors i la seva complexitat. Urbanística II vol aprofundir en la forma i l'estructura de la ciutat, i en la manera en la que les parcel·les, els carrers i els edificis es combinen per formar els seus teixits. Cercarem de descobrir les lògiques de construcció de fragments urbans ben diversos, relacionats amb factors històrics i socioeconòmics. A aquests fragments els anomenem formes de creixement, i distingim, entre d'altres: cascs antics, extensions suburbanes, eixamples, polígons d'habitatges, conjunts unifamiliars, barris auto-construïts, però també teixits d'aparició més recent, vinculats a la indústria, al comerç o al turisme.

The role of rural nuclei in the territorial restructuring of our country is becoming increasingly evident. Current and important issues such as climate change, self-sufficiency, primary production, natural heritage, or the quality of life in these settlements should make us reflect on our collective well-being, whether we live in cities or rural environments. This is the third volume on the reflections that, from the university, we consider regarding the role of rural centres in the search for a necessary territorial rebalancing, this time focused on Alt Urgell and Cerdanya.

Housing usually responds directly to the individual and changing situations of people at a specific time and under specific conditions. But what would happen if the housing was the one that adapted to the people? My work focuses on the design of homes where people are not only users, but also participate in the creation of their living spaces. To do this, the Open Building movement is taken as a reference and the prominent figure N. John Habraken as a critic architect, known for his Theory of Supports, where he proposes a flexible housing system that can admit various variations according to the needs of those who they inhabit it. This theory is studied along with a graphic analysis to understand its main elements and characteristics. This model marked a before and after in the conception of housing for many architects of the 20th century and that is why I study its application in different case studies with different contexts and periods. Despite the evolution of the architecture over the years, the support model remains a widely used reference. However, the question arises: Can this system be adapted and found in other variables?

The following work takes as a case study the Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura de la Universitat Politècnica de València (1968-present), which emerged as part of the university project of the Vera Polytechnic Campus in the city of Valencia. The aim of the research is to analyse three areas at three different scales: the campus, the school and the classroom, tracing a path that goes from the identification of the campus as a mat-building, with its characteristic horizontality, to the verticality of learning architecture within the subject of projects. The school acts as a link between these two scales, connecting the different levels of interaction. The reading and explanation of the work explores how the horizontal structure of the Vera campus, designed to bring together all technical and higher education in a single institutional body, influences the spatial and pedagogical organisation of the ETSA-UPV. It analyses how this school, integrated in the architectural system of the mat building, adapts to its spaces and proposes specific teaching in the field of projects, implementing a vertical learning method. This work contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between architectural space and pedagogical practice in the teaching of architecture, highlighting ETSA-UPV as a paradigmatic example of the application of mat-building principles in higher education institutions.

It is frequently observed that modern architecture draws inspiration from traditional styles. This is exemplified by the works of Danish architects Erik Christian Sørensen and Jørn Utzon in Mallorca in the late 20th century. This concluding thesis examines the impact of traditional Mallorcan domestic architectural forms on the designs of Sørensen's Can Geroni and Utzon's Can Feliz. The thesis is divided into two principal sections. The initial section provides a contextual framework for traditional Mallorcan domestic typologies, spanning from prehistory to the era in which the Danish architects' constructions were undertaken. This is primarily based on the book La casa popular mallorquina by Calors García-Delgado Segués. A summary diagram is provided to assist in the contextualisation and comprehension of each typology. The second part of the thesis comprises a detailed analysis of the works of Can Geroni and Can Feliz, presented in the form of redrawn plans and accompanied by detailed explanations. The two houses are examined in accordance with the architectural principles of the courtyard house and the pavilion house. This analysis leads to the initial conclusion that Can Geroni is a pavilion within a courtyard, while Can Feliz is a courtyard within a pavilion. The research then compares traditional Mallorcan domestic typologies with the characteristics of Can Geroni and Can Feliz, highlighting the aspects in which they are similar or different. Finally, it is concluded that Can Feliz combines two different variants of Andalusian-Mallorcan and Mallorcan Gothic house typologies, whereas Can Geroni represents the combination of two of the simplest variants of Mallorcan-Andalusian house typologies placed perpendicularly.

Like other types of buildings, museums also establish re - lationships with their location and the environment in which they are located. In recent times the evolution of museums has been especially relevant. The traditional picture gallery of the nineteenth century is required new conditions and the museums will incorporate new uses beyond its own exhibition program: the shop, the cafeteria, the ticket offices, the access control or the auditorium. These uses configure a sequence of spaces that aim to meet the new program requirements, challenge the visitor and define the boundary between city and museum. The increase in cultural tourism means that they have to compete in a certain cultural market and that beyond the simple desire to integrate into a landscape, they are currently offering a part of their functional program to the city in search of a recognizable identity of their own. On the other hand, Paseo del Prado, which over the years has been configured as a powerful museum axis that has seen how its limits have been blurring or expanding precisely due to the new access spaces that through different actions have been incorporated into its museums. This work aims to analyze precisely the relationship between the evolution and transformation of the modern exhibition spaces and the powerful urban axis represented by the Passeig del Prado. As we will see the transformation of the museums and the evolution of the passageway generates that in a relatively limited environment there are mechanisms of interior and exterior access.

Este trabajo se centra en valorar la obra arquitectónica de Francesc Mitjans y Miró, enfocándose en una etapa específica de su carrera y su desarrollo a lo largo del tiempo. Aunque la obra de Mitjans no ha recibido un estudio exhaustivo, este análisis examina tanto la vivienda típica del ensanche barcelonés como algunas de sus obras menos conocidas. El objetivo es demostrar que las soluciones arquitectónicas de Mitjans, después de más de 50 años, siguen siendo relevantes y aplicables a las necesidades habitacionales actuales.

Arquitectura de Alerta is a work born from a personal concern to learn about the design process of a type of equipment such as fire stations. This interest is the result of a reflection on the bibliographic oblivion with which these works count, as they are not as recognized as libraries or other types of public buildings have traditionally been. Therefore, by carrying out this research, it is about fulfilling two main objectives, on the one hand, to delve deeper into this class of projects in order to understand what are the key aspects in the process of its design and to another is to recognize the architectural relevance that works of this nature must have. For this, a theoretical study of the needs and requirements of these headquarters will be carried out, to try to find out what are the initial inputs and the objectives that the author has when starting to project the work. This will be followed by a journey through some fire stations, the work of some of the best architects in history, such as Siza, Venturi or Zaha Hadid. The aim of this part of the study is to recognize the essential aspects of each of these works in order to find out how these programs were treated by the teachers. At a practical level, the work aims to analyze in detail a sample of some of the fire stations located in Catalonia, so that the application or not of these aspects can be contrasted in them. The analysis methodology for the analysis will be based on the realization of a precise redraw of the cases. Obtaining in this way a quantity of graphic material that will help to highlight the architectural relevance of these buildings. To conclude, the most prominent aspects of all the cases will be analyzed, putting them together, observing in this way the existence or not of patterns that can facilitate classifying the parks according to them.

Los homo sapiens hemos vivido el 95% del tiempo en el paleolítico, en pequeñas tribus nómadas. Con el paso al sedentarismo, el origen de las primeras aldeas se basó los valores ancestrales de nuestros antepasados de identificación con el lugar, vida en comunidad y cuidado por la vida. La autoconstrucción fue el motor del desarrollo urbano, vinculando habitar y construir en un proceso vital de crecimiento orgánico, haciendo que las ciudades fueran la expresión física de sus habitantes. La industrialización provocó un crecimiento demográfico sin precedentes en las ciudades, dónde la escasez de vivienda generó problemas de hacinamiento e insalubridad. La autoconstrucción era la única manera de optar a un refugio para las clases más bajas, que en Barcelona vivían en barrios de barracas en la periferia. La civilización, representada por las instituciones públicas, rechaza los crecimientos informales, que considera un salvaje atraso, y les niega servicios básicos. Aún así, algunos barrios autoconstruidos prosperan gracias a la organización ciudadana llegando incluso a integrarse en el tejido productivo de la ciudad formal. La emergencia habitacional se resuelve entre políticos, constructores, urbanistas y arquitectos, que diseñan nuevos barrios periféricos sin tener en cuenta las personas que lo habitarán. El resultado, el alojamiento de masas, ha sido criticado a lo largo del siglo XX por la alienación, la segregación y la degradación de estos barrios. La ruptura entre habitar y construir perpetua el problema de la vivienda, haciéndola susceptible a la especulación y negando al usuario como un agente más en las fuerzas constructivas. Ante la creciente crisis habitacional, despachos como Elemental buscan reinstaurar el poder aconstructivo del usuario en sus proyectos de vivienda mínima, haciendo que las personas se conviertan en parte de la solución y no del problema. Las cooperativas de vivienda plantean un modelo de cesión de uso incompatible con la especulación y capaz de recuperar la vida en comunidad en los edificios colectivos. En mi conclusión ficticia, una cooperativa de autoconstructores financia un soporte común siguiendo la teoría de Habraken, que consiste en los elementos colectivos del edificio. Cada vivienda de la cooperativa es independiente la una de la otra, permitiendo que cada unidad de convivencia la construya y modifique en función de sus necesidades y gustos. Con este modelo sus habitantes pueden recuperar los valores de lugar (el soporte y el barrio), comunidad (la cooperativa) y cuidado (autoconstrucción).

Architecture and memory are two terms that are closely related, because both characterize the conditions of space and time, where the architect will work in order to create a work that will last over time and will influence the memory of the many users who live experiences around it. Architecture is a useful element to create emotional links with space and place, having the possibility of making present and constructing absence. The present work aims to discover the design mechanisms that the architect Peter Zumthor uses when working on heritage elements or with historical memory, while maintaining its essence and its focus on the user in order to create atmospheres that will influence our perception and memory of the place. The architect must take into account the knowledge of the place, the context of the preexistence, the technique, the detail, the light and the set of atmospheric elements with which he wants to provide the work. These are the elements that will be analysed in each of the six works that Peter Zumthor has created throughout his career, acting on pre-existing elements with historical memory. Finally, the study of these six works allows us to see the similarities and differences in the architect's position regarding pre-existence. Analysing the conception of spaces from the point of view of place, matter and light, as well as observing the evolution of the ideas and methods that he uses over the years.

The study focuses on the combined application of photogrammetry, laser scanning, and BIM methodology for the documentation and modeling of existing buildings, with a specific focus on the Museu Nacional de la Ciència i la Tècnica de Catalunya (MNACTEC). The aim is to develop an efficient workflow that integrates these technologies to generate precise and detailed documentation, essential for the preservation and future interventions in heritage buildings. The integration of BIM with these techniques not only enhances the accuracy of the documentation but also optimizes time and resources compared to traditional methods, demonstrating its direct applicability in the professional field for the conservation of cultural heritage.

We are currently in a crucial period for both our future and the future of the planet. We must improve our practices and enhance the built environment in order to create more sustainable architecture. Immediate action is necessary, guided by the 2030 goals and the sustainable development goals. Year after year, the digitalization of architecture and our world becomes more prominent, and it may offer potential solutions to these challenges. This study has the goal of exploring the role of digital tools in the early stages of architectural design and examine how they can contribute to the improvement of the sector. The aim is to understand how these tools can support and inform design processes and decision-making, while also bringing visibility to this often-overlooked topic. The research has involved a standard literature review, supplemented by an informal interview, attendance at relevant conferences, and insights from personal professional experience. To understand the potential role of digital tools, a theoretical framework has been developed, accompanied by identifying potentials, purposes, challenges, threats, and categories. This was followed by an extensive market study of tools and projects, resulting in the classification and analysis of 15 tools and 4 projects. It has been concluded that, to a large extent, the use of digital tools can contribute to more informed decisions and can accelerate and optimize design and its processes. However, challenges and limitations have also been identified that may difficult the widespread implementation and the good use of these tools.